Which term describes the wrongful use of a legal or illegal substance?

The term that accurately describes the wrongful use of a legal or illegal substance is "substance abuse." This term encompasses a pattern of behavior where individuals consume substances in a manner that is harmful to themselves or to others, and it typically implies usage that is excessive and detrimental. Substance abuse may involve legal substances such as alcohol or prescription medications used improperly, as well as illegal drugs. This misuse can lead to a variety of negative consequences, including health issues, impaired social or occupational functioning, and criminal problems.

Understanding this term in the context of the others is helpful. While substance misuse can refer to using substances inappropriately or in a harmful manner, the term "substance abuse" specifically captures the severity and the patterns of behaviors associated with more serious consequences. Meanwhile, substance addiction refers to the compulsive need for a substance, leading to physical dependence but not necessarily capturing the aspect of wrongful use. Substance dependency is a clinical term that focuses more on the physical or psychological need for a substance, while substance abuse highlights the broader harmful effects of use, making it the more appropriate choice in this context.