Which part of the vertebrae is primarily lateral?

The transverse process of a vertebra is primarily located laterally. These processes extend outward from the sides of the vertebral arch and serve as attachments for muscles and ligaments, as well as points of articulation with ribs in thoracic vertebrae. This lateral positioning allows for increased leverage and movement potential for the actions performed by muscles during activities, such as rotation and lateral bending of the spine.

The spinous process, in comparison, extends posteriorly from the vertebra, which means it is oriented towards the back rather than the sides. The intervertebral disc sits between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae, providing cushioning and flexibility, but is not lateral in its positioning as it lies centrally between the vertebrae. The body of the vertebrae, while significant in supporting weight and maintaining the structure of the spine, is also centrally located, running along the anterior portion of the vertebra. Thus, the transverse process best exemplifies a lateral component of the vertebrae.