Which of the following best describes inflammation?

Inflammation is fundamentally a natural and protective response of the body to injury, infection, or irritation. When tissues are damaged, the inflammatory process is triggered, leading to a series of events that include increased blood flow to the affected area. This influx of blood is what causes redness and warmth, which are hallmark signs of inflammation. The body sends various immune cells and signaling molecules to the site of injury or infection to help contain and resolve the problem.

This response is essential for healing and serves to prevent further injury, remove pathogens, and initiate tissue repair. The other statements do not accurately reflect the nature of inflammation. For instance, inflammation typically involves increased blood flow rather than decreased, and while some tissue damage can occur during inflammation, it is not inherently irreversible. Lastly, inflammation does not always necessitate surgical intervention; many cases can be managed effectively through medication and other non-surgical treatments.