What specific injury occurs to the distal radius and is often associated with falls?

The injury that specifically occurs to the distal radius and is commonly associated with falls is known as a Colles' fracture. This type of fracture typically occurs when a person falls onto an outstretched hand, causing the distal end of the radius to fracture. The distinctive feature of a Colles' fracture is the dorsal angulation and often dorsal displacement of the fracture fragment, which results from the impact and the way the wrist is positioned during the fall.

Understanding the mechanics of this injury is crucial; falls, particularly in the elderly, are a significant risk factor for Colles' fractures. This is due to decreased bone density and a heightened risk of falling. The Colles' fracture is often characterized by the "dinner fork" or "bayonet" appearance of the wrist when observed radiographically.

In contrast, other types of fractures mentioned do not share these specific characteristics tied to falls on an outstretched hand. For example, a Smith's fracture, while also occurring in the distal radius, typically results from a different mechanism and may cause volar angulation instead. A transverse fracture refers to the orientation of the fracture line and can occur in various locations, not just in the distal radius. A spiral fracture involves a twisting motion and is