What occurs during a sprain?

A sprain specifically involves a stretching or tearing of a ligament, which is the tough band of connective tissue that connects bones at a joint. Ligaments provide stability to joints, so when they are overstretched or torn, it can result in pain, swelling, and limited movement in the affected area. This condition often arises from sudden movements that twist or strain the joint beyond its normal range of motion, such as in sports or falls.

The other options describe different types of injuries. A fracture pertains to a break in a bone, which is distinct from the damage that occurs in a sprain. A dislocation involves the bones in a joint being forced out of their normal positions, while an injury to a muscle refers to strains or tears in muscle tissue itself, not ligaments. Understanding these distinctions is crucial in sports medicine for proper diagnosis and treatment.