What is the primary function of mitochondria in cells?

The primary function of mitochondria in cells is energy production and cellular respiration. Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they convert the energy stored in food molecules into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy currency of the cell. This process involves a series of biochemical reactions known as the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, where organic compounds are broken down, and energy is released.

Additionally, mitochondria play a crucial role in cellular respiration by utilizing oxygen to help convert nutrients into usable energy. This function is vital for maintaining the energy supply necessary for various cellular processes, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse conduction, and biosynthesis of essential biomolecules. The health and efficiency of mitochondria are critical for overall cellular function and metabolism, making their role in energy production essential to life.