What is the primary characteristic of scoliosis?

Scoliosis is primarily characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine, which means the spine bends sideways, often resembling an "S" or "C" shape. This curvature can occur in any part of the spine but is most commonly seen in the thoracic and lumbar regions. The exact cause of scoliosis can vary, with some cases being idiopathic, meaning no specific cause is known, while others are related to conditions such as congenital spinal deformities or neuromuscular disorders.

Understanding this characteristic is essential in identifying scoliosis and subsequent treatment options. The other options, including loss of mobility in one leg, inflammation in the joints, and pain in the lower back region, relate to other conditions and are not defining traits of scoliosis itself. Recognizing the lateral curvature is crucial for proper diagnosis and management of scoliosis-related issues.