What is the function of a nerve root?

The function of a nerve root is primarily focused on its anatomical role and its passage within the nervous system. When discussing how nerve roots operate, it's essential to recognize that they emerge from the spinal cord and exit through openings in the vertebrae, known as intervertebral foramen. This anatomical feature allows them to connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Specifically, option C highlights that nerve roots open on the lateral side of vertebrae, allowing peripheral nerves to exit. This is crucial for the transmission of sensory and motor information between the body and the CNS. The positioning of these roots plays an integral role in the facilitation of neural signals, making it possible for various nerve pathways to communicate effectively.

Understanding this helps clarify why the other options do not accurately represent the function of a nerve root. The first option incorrectly suggests a function that pertains more to motor neurons and their connection to muscle fibers rather than the role of the nerve root itself. The second option misrepresents the directionality of signals, as nerve roots directly connect the spinal cord to peripheral structures, rather than sending signals to the spinal column. Lastly, the fourth option relates to spinal health but does not pertain to the