What is the function of vertebrae?

The function of vertebrae is to support the spinal column, which is essential for maintaining an upright posture and providing structural integrity to the human body. Each vertebra is stacked to form the vertebral column, which not only bears weight but also allows flexibility and movement of the torso. The arrangement of vertebrae creates a protective canal for the spinal cord, which is crucial for transmitting nerve signals between the brain and body. This architectural design enables various physiological functions, such as bending and twisting, while also maintaining stability.

In contrast, the other choices do not accurately define the primary function of vertebrae. Protecting the heart pertains more to the rib cage and thoracic structure, facilitating breathing relates to the diaphragm and rib movements, and connecting muscles to bones is primarily the role of tendons, not vertebrae themselves. Thus, supporting the spinal column is the defining characteristic of vertebrae.