What does "transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)" aim to achieve?

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is primarily designed to decrease pain by targeting sensory nerves. The modality operates by delivering low-voltage electrical impulses through the skin, which can interfere with the body's ability to perceive pain. It stimulates the sensory nerves, leading to a sensation that can mask pain signals before they reach the brain, which is known as the "gate control theory" of pain relief.

Additionally, TENS may promote the release of endorphins, the body's natural pain-relieving chemicals, further contributing to its effectiveness in pain management. This therapeutic approach is particularly beneficial for various conditions, including chronic pain, postoperative discomfort, and other acute injuries, making its primary goal to diminish the sensation of pain rather than focusing on muscle strength, blood flow, or joint healing specifically.