What does the term proximal mean in anatomy?

The term "proximal" in anatomy refers to a position that is closer to the trunk or the point of attachment of a limb. It is commonly used to describe the location of structures in relation to each other in the body. For example, when discussing the arm, the shoulder is proximal to the elbow, meaning it is closer to the trunk. This terminology is crucial for accurately describing the anatomy and understanding the relationships between different body parts.

The other definitions in the question do not align with the anatomical meaning of "proximal." The terms suggesting further distance from the trunk or focusing on the limbs’ length or furthest points do not capture the essence of what "proximal" signifies in anatomical terminology. Therefore, understanding this term helps in communicating effectively in the field of anatomy and sports medicine.