What does the term "intercostal" refer to?

The term "intercostal" specifically refers to the area between the ribs. It primarily relates to the intercostal muscles, which are located in the spaces between the ribs (the intercostal spaces). These muscles play a crucial role in the mechanics of breathing by assisting with the expansion and contraction of the ribcage during inhalation and exhalation. Understanding this term is fundamental in anatomy and physiology, particularly in the context of respiratory function and the overall structure of the thoracic region.

In contrast, the other options refer to different anatomical concepts. The reference to a type of muscle responsible for arm movement pertains more to muscles such as the deltoid or biceps, which are unrelated to the intercostal region. A joint located in the vertebral column does not connect with the intercostal definition, as it deals with the associations between vertebrae rather than structures between ribs. Lastly, the surrounding tissues of the lungs describe pleural membranes and other supportive tissues but do not connect directly to the term "intercostal." Therefore, the correct understanding of "intercostal" is firmly rooted in its definition as denoting the area located between the ribs.